Ukraine. Some 50% of areas were still exposed to drought

Weather conditions. The average daily air temperature fell sharply on September 21-30, even to 2-6°C below normal on some days. Frost was registered at 2 cm above the ground and in the air. In early October, air temperature rose to 1.9-6.7°C above normal, being within 9.9 to 11.7°С.

Moisture supply. On September 21-30, the average precipitation rate was 20-52% of ten-day normal (2-4 mm) in Mykolaiv, Zaporizhia, Donetsk regions, 58-79% of normal in Luhansk, Dnipropetrovsk, Cherkasy, Chernivtsi and Volyn regions (7-15 mm), and 125 - 179% of normal in Lviv, Rivne, Khmelnytsky, Vinnytsia, Kyiv, Chernihiv and Sumy regions (20-25 mm). The daily precipitation rates in single parts of Odesa, Kherson, Kirovohrad, Kharkiv, Kyiv, Vinnytsia, Ternopil, Rivne and Zakarpattya regions peaked at 15-30 mm (one to three normal amounts for the ten days).

Crop condition. Due to severe air and soil drought, unfavorable agrometeorological conditions for planting and initial growth of winter crops persisted all over the country before September 25. Rainfall in the western, northern and northeastern regions stopped soil drought there. In Poltava, Cherkasy regions and adjacent districts of other regions, as well as in most of the southern regions, effective moisture supply in the 0-10 cm soil layer in September was fully absent. The initial growing conditions were extremely difficult.